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The history of life on earth has been a history of interaction between living things and their surroundings. To a large extent, the physical form and the habits of the earth's vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the environment. Considering the whole span of earthly time, the opposite effect, in which life actually modifies its surroundings, has been relatively slight. Only in the present century has one species man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.
地球上生命的歷史一直就是一部生物與其環(huán)境相互作用的歷史。在很大程度上，地球上動(dòng)植物的形態(tài)以及習(xí)性都是由外部環(huán)境所塑造的。考慮到地球上生命存在的整個(gè)時(shí)間，相反作用，即生命對(duì)其周圍環(huán)境的實(shí)際改變作用，卻相對(duì)很小。只有在當(dāng)前這個(gè)世紀(jì)(指20世紀(jì))才有一個(gè)物種--人類，獲得了強(qiáng)大的力量，改變了其所生存的世界的自然狀態(tài)。

During the past quarter century this power has not only become increasingly great but it has changed in character. The most alarming of all man's assaults upon the environment is the contamination of air, earth, rivers, and sea with dangerous and even lethal materials. This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable. In this now universal contamination of the environment, chemicals are the sinister partners of radiation in changing the very nature of the world the very nature of its life. Chemicals sprayed on croplands or forests or gardens lie long in soil, entering into living organisms, passing from one to another in a chain of poisoning and death. Or they pass mysteriously by underground streams until they emerge and combine into new forms that kill vegetation, sicken cattle, and work unknown harm on those who drink from once pure wells. "Man can hardly even recognize the devils of his own creation," as a scientist has said.
在過去的1/4世紀(jì)中，這種力量不僅日趨強(qiáng)大，而且其性質(zhì)也發(fā)生了變化。在人類破壞環(huán)境的種種行為中，最令人擔(dān)憂的是人類向大氣、土壤、河流以及海洋中排放危險(xiǎn)甚至致命物質(zhì)，而當(dāng)今這種污染在很大程度上是無法挽救的。在當(dāng)今這種對(duì)環(huán)境的普遍污染中，化學(xué)制品與輻射狼狽為奸，改變著地球的自然狀態(tài)，也就是改變著地球上生命的自然狀態(tài)。噴灑到農(nóng)田、森林或者花園里的化學(xué)物質(zhì)長期滯留于土壤中，滲入有機(jī)體內(nèi)，并彼此相傳，形成了一個(gè)中毒與死亡的鏈條。化學(xué)物質(zhì)還神秘地通過地下水傳遞，最終以新的形式出現(xiàn)并結(jié)合，使植物毒死，牲畜害病，并使飲用一度純凈的井水的人遭受了不明之害。正如一位科學(xué)家所言：“人類甚至對(duì)自己創(chuàng)造的惡魔都不認(rèn)識(shí)。”

It took hundreds of millions of years to produce the life that now inhabits the earth. Given time not in years but in millennia life adjusts, and a balance has been reached. But in the modern world there is no time.
地球歷經(jīng)了許多億年才創(chuàng)造了棲息其上的生命。經(jīng)過了一定時(shí)間--不是以若干年計(jì)而是以若干千年計(jì)的時(shí)間--生命開始適應(yīng)環(huán)境，并形成了一種與環(huán)境的平衡。但是在現(xiàn)代世界中，時(shí)間這一因素已經(jīng)沒有了。

The rapidity of change follows the impetuous pace of man rather than the deliberate pace of nature. Radiation is now the unnatural creation of man's tampering with the atom. The chemicals are the synthetic5 creations of man's inventive mind, having no counterparts in nature.
環(huán)境改變的速度不再順從大自然從容不迫的節(jié)奏，而是順從人類急切匆匆的步伐。輻射是當(dāng)今人類通過支配原子而得到的一種非自然的創(chuàng)造物。化學(xué)制品則是人類有發(fā)明創(chuàng)造力的頭腦創(chuàng)造出來的合成物，在自然界本無相應(yīng)的東西。

To adjust to these chemicals would require not merely the years of a man's life but the life of generations. And even this, were it by some miracle possible, would be futile, for the new chemicals come from our laboratories in an endless stream; almost five hundred annually find their way into actual use in the United States alone. Among them are many that are used in man's war against nature. Since the mid 1940's over 200 basic chemicals have been created for use in killing insects, weeds, and other organisms described as "pests".
為了適應(yīng)這些化學(xué)制品，人類需要付出的時(shí)間不會(huì)只是一個(gè)人一生的時(shí)間，而是幾代人的時(shí)間。而即使這樣，就算出現(xiàn)奇跡成為可能，這種適應(yīng)也是徒勞的，因?yàn)樾碌幕瘜W(xué)制品從我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)室中源源不斷地涌出。僅在美國，每年就有大約500種化學(xué)制品投入使用，其中許多是用于人類對(duì)自然的戰(zhàn)爭中。從20世紀(jì)40年代中期起，人類已經(jīng)創(chuàng)造了200多種基本化學(xué)制品用來消滅昆蟲、野草以及其他所謂的“有害生物”。

It is not my contention that chemical insecticides must never be used. I do contend that we have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals indiscriminately into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of their potentials for harm. We have subjected enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisons, without their consent and often without their knowledge. I contend, furthermore, that we have allowed these chemicals to be used with little or no advance investigation of their effect on soil, water, wildlife, and man himself. Future generations are unlikely to forgive our lack of concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life.
我不是說人類決不能使用化學(xué)殺蟲劑。我要說的是，我們不分青紅皂白地將這些有毒的、具有強(qiáng)大生物功能的化學(xué)制品，交給了那些對(duì)這些制品的潛在危害基本上或者完全無知的人去使用。我們使眾多的人接觸這些有毒物質(zhì)，卻沒有征得他們的同意，并常常將他們蒙在鼓中。我還要說的一點(diǎn)是，我們?cè)试S使用這些化學(xué)制品，卻事先很少或者根本沒有調(diào)查它們對(duì)土壤、水、野生生物以及人類自身造成的影響。我們?nèi)狈?duì)萬物賴以生存的自然界生態(tài)統(tǒng)一的關(guān)心，對(duì)此，我們的后代是不可能原諒的。


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